In addition to arrangements, many new pieces of music, including symphonies, have been written for these ensembles. They can have 60 or more players and use up to nine sizes of instrument. One of the more interesting developments in recorder playing over the last 30 years has been the development of recorder orchestras. Four part arrangements with a soprano, alto, tenor and bass part played on the corresponding recorders are common, although more complex arrangements with multiple parts for each instrument and parts for lower and higher instruments may also be regularly encountered. Groups of different sized instruments help to compensate for the limited note range of the individual instruments. Many amateurs enjoy playing in large groups or in one-to-a-part chamber groups, and there is a wide variety of music for such groupings including many modern works. The recorder is a very social instrument. Today, it is often thought of as a plastic made child's instrument, but there are many excellent virtuosic players who can demonstrate the instrument's full potential as a solo instrument. The recorder was also found to be a suitable simple instrument for teaching music in schools and it appealed to amateur players as a hobby. In the 20th century, greater interest in the authentically accurate performance of early music saw the revival of the recorder as a proper instrument. By the end of the baroque era the instrument was all but completely forgotten. Decline and revival of the recorderÄuring the 18th century, the rise in popularity of instruments such as the transverse flute, oboe, and clarinet forced the recorder out of the forefront. The instrument has a very balanced and simple sound throughout its entire range that only thins out and becomes shrill in the very highest playable notes. The sound of the recorder is remarkably clear and sweet, partly because of a strong emphasis on the lower and odd harmonics in the natural series. The contrabass recorder plays two octaves below written pitch. The bass recorder plays one octave below written pitch. ![]() The alto recorder or treble recorder is the instrument that reads at concert pitch in the "F" family. The sopranino recorder plays one octave above written pitch. Whole notes represent the basic range, while the quarter notes show the plausible extended range. This beautiful lullaby is doable on the recorder, though it requires the difficult F natural and low C. The illustration at right shows first the written range of all C recorders, followed by that of the F recorders. Although the F recorders are indeed "in F", the composer does not transpose their parts instead, the recorder players learn the fingerings for each. Recorders are split into two types: C recorders, and F recorders. \meterOff \cadenzaOn c1 \glissando d g4 f,1 \glissando g \octaveOn c4 \octaveOff
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